All autopsies

// STARTUP COMPARISON

Frubana vs Convoy

Frubana failed in 2023 due to Unit Economics. Convoy failed in 2023 due to Bad Timing. Different causes, different sectors, different eras — but the same simulation outcome.

METRIC🔥 Frubana🔥 Convoy
SectorMarketplaceMarketplace
CountryColombiaUSA
Founded20182015
Died20232023
Raised$186M$1B
Peak$186M raised$3.8B valuation
Primary CauseUnit EconomicsBad Timing

// WHY EACH FAILED

🔥 Frubana
Unit Economics
Frubana built a B2B marketplace connecting restaurants with fresh produce suppliers across Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. After raising $186M, the company struggled with the perishability economics of fresh produce — spoilage rates, last-mile cold chain costs, and the fragmented supplier base made unit economics unsolvable at the ticket sizes restaurants order. Frubana shut down in 2023.
// LESSON
Fresh produce supply chains have physics problems that capital cannot solve. Spoilage is a function of time and density. If you can't achieve minimum order density per zone before your runway runs out, the unit economics never improve.
🔥 Convoy
Bad Timing
Convoy built a digital freight brokerage connecting shippers with truckers. After raising $1B and reaching a $3.8B valuation, the freight market collapsed in 2022-2023 as post-COVID supply chain normalization and economic slowdown reduced shipping demand sharply. Spot freight rates fell 50%+. Convoy's take-rate model required volume that the market could not provide. The company shut down in October 2023.
// LESSON
Digital freight marketplaces have revenue directly tied to freight market cycles. The technology doesn't create volume — it competes for existing volume. In a freight recession, the best technology in the world generates half the revenue at half the volume.

// EXPLORE FURTHER